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A Brief History of Photography

Beginnings

Photography started with a camera and the basic idea has been around since about the 5th Century B.C. For centuries these were just ideas until an Iraqi scientist developed something called the camera obscura sometime in the 11th Century. Even then, the camera did not actually record images, they simply projected them onto another surface. The images were also upside down. The first camera obscuras used a pinhole in a tent to project an image from outside the tent into the darkened area. It took until the 17th Century for camera obscuras to be made small enough to be portable and basic lenses to be added.

Permanent Images

Photography as we know it today began in the late 1830s in France when Joseph Nicéphore Niépce used a portable camera obscura to expose a pewter plate coated with bitumen to light. This is the first recorded image that did not fade quickly.

• Daguerreotype
  This experiment led to collaboration between Niépce and Louis Daguerre that resulted in the creation of the Daguerreotype. Daguerreotypes were the forerunners to our modern film. A copper plate was coated with silver and exposed to iodine vapor before it was exposed to light. To create the image on the plate, the earlier Daguerreotypes had to be exposed to light for up to 15 minutes. The Daguerreotype was very popular until it was replaced in the late 1850s by emulsion plates.
  

• Emulsion Plates
  Emulsion plates, or wet plates, were less expensive than Daguerreotypes and took only two or three seconds of exposure time. This made them much more suited to portrait photography, which was the most common photography at the time. These wet plates used an emulsion process called the Collodion process, rather than a simple coating on the image plate. Two of these emulsion plates were ambrotype and tintype. Ambrotypes used a glass plate instead of the copper plate of the Daguerreotypes. Tintypes used a tin plate. While these plates were much more sensitive to light, they had to be developed quickly. It was during this time that bellows were added to cameras to help with focusing.
  
• Dry Plates
  In the 1870s, photography took another huge leap forward. Richard Maddox improved on a previous invention to make dry gelatine plates that were nearly equal with wet plates for speed and quality. These dry plates could be stored rather than made as needed. This allowed photographers much more freedom in taking photographs. Cameras were also able to be smaller so that they could be hand-held. As exposure times decreased, the first camera with a mechanical shutter was developed.

Cameras for Everyone

Photography was only for professionals or the very rich until George Eastman started a company called Kodak in the 1880s. Eastman created a flexible roll film that did not require the constant changing of solid plates. This allowed him to develop a self-contained box camera that held 100 exposures of film. This camera had a small single lens with no focusing adjustment. The consumer would take pictures and then send the camera back to the factory to for the film to be developed, much like our disposable cameras today. This was the first camera inexpensive enough for the average person to afford. The film was still large in comparison to today's 35mm film. It took until the late 1940s for 35mm film to become cheap enough for most people to afford.

The Horrors of War

Around 1930, Henri-Cartier Bresson and other photographers began to use small 35mm cameras to capture images of life as it occurred rather than staged portrait shots. When World War II started in 1939, many photojournalists adopted this style. The posed portraits of World War I soldiers gave way to graphic images of war and its aftermath. These images, such as Joel Rosenthal's photograph, Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima brought the reality of war across the ocean and helped galvanize the American people like never before. This style of capturing decisive moments shaped the face of photography forever.

Instant Images

At the same time 35mm cameras were becoming popular, Polaroid introduced the Model 95. Model 95 used a secret chemical process to develop film inside the camera in less than a minute. This new camera was fairly expensive but the novelty of instant images caught the public's attention. By the mid 1960s, Polaroid had many models on the market and the price had dropped so that even more people could afford it.

Image Control

While the French introduced the permanent image, the Japanese brought easy control of their images to the photographer. In the 1950s Asahi, which later became Pentax, introduced the Asahiflex and Nikon introduced its Nikon F camera. These were both SLR-type cameras and the Nikon F allowed for interchangeable lenses and other accessories. For the next 30 years SLR-type cameras remained the camera of choice and many improvements were introduced to both the cameras and the film itself.

Smart Cameras

In the late 1970s and early 1980s compact cameras that were capable of making image control decisions on their own were introduced. These "point and shoot" cameras calculated shutter speed, aperture, and focus; leaving photographers free to concentrate on composition. While these cameras became immensely popular with casual photographers, professionals and serious amateurs continued to prefer to make their own adjustments to image control.

The Digital Age

In the 1980s and 1990s, numerous manufacturers worked on cameras that stored images electronically. The first of these were point and shoot cameras that used digital media instead of film. By 1991, Kodak had produced the first digital camera advanced enough to be used successfully by professionals. Other manufacturers quickly followed and today Canon, Nikon, Pentax, and other manufacturers all offer advanced digital SLR cameras. Even the most basic point and shoot camera now takes higher quality images than Niépce’s pewter plate.

Source : http://photography.about.com/

This Photo of an Angry Lion Was Shot Just Moments Before It Charged

Photographer Atif Saeed captured this intense photograph of an male lion growling at him back in 2012 in a safari park in Lahore, Pakistan. The photo was captured just moments before the angry cat rushed at the photographer.

Saeed was driving through the park in January 2012 when he spotted the lion a short distance away. He then got out of his car and began creeping toward the lion with his Nikon D4 and a telephoto lens.

Once he got close enough to have the lion fill his frame, Saeed began snapping some photographs at 500mm, only to have the lion focus its attention on him. The photographer quickly jumped back into the open door of his car and slammed it as the lion charged aggressively at him.

The photo above is one of the “keepers” he left the safari with that day. “I was laughing at that time, but now when I think back about the incident I don’t think I would be able to do it again. It was a pretty close encounter,” Saeed tells the Daily Mail.

Saeed has since titled the photograph “The Ghost and the Darkness.”

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WIFES – An Inspirational Story

There was a rich merchant who had 4 wifes. He loved the 4th wife the most and adorned her with rich robes and treated her to delicacies. He took great care of her and gave her nothing but the best.

He also loved the 3rd wife very much. He’s very proud of her and always wanted to show off her to his friends. However, the merchant is always in great fear that she might run away with some other men.

He too, loved his 2nd wife. She is a very considerate person, always patient and infact is the merchant’s confidante. Whenever the merchant faced some problems, he always turned to his 2nd wife and she would always help him out and tide him through difficult times.

Now, the merchant’s 1st wife is a very loyal partner and has made great contributions in maintaining his wealth and business as well as taking care of the household. However, the merchant did not love the first wife and although she loved him deeply, he hardly took notice of her.

One day, the merchant fell ill. Before long, he knew that he was going to die soon. He thought of his luxurious life and told himself, “Now I have 4 wives with me. But when I die, I’ll be alone. How lonely I’ll be?

Thus, he asked the 4th wife,”I loved you most, endowed you with the finest clothing and showered great care over you. Now that I’m dying,will you follow me and keep me company?” “No way!” replied the 4th wife andshe walked away without another word.

The answer cut like a sharp knife right into the merchant’s heart. The sad merchant then asked the 3rd wife, “I have loved you so much for all my life. Now that I’m dying, will you follow me and keep me company?”"No!”replied the 3rd wife.”Life is so good over here! I’m going to remarry when you die!” The merchant’s heart sank and turned cold.

He then asked the 2nd wife,”Ialways turned to you for helpand you’ve always helped meout. Now I need your help again. When I die, will you follow me and keep me company?” “I’m sorry, I can’t help you out this time!” replied the 2nd wife. “At the very most, I can only send you to your grave.” The answer came like a bolt of thunder and the merchant was devastated.

Then a voice called out : “I’ll leave with you. I’ll follow you no matter where you go.” The merchant looked up and there was his first wife. She was so skinny, almost like she suffered from malnutrition. Greatly grieved, the merchant said, “I should have taken much better care of you while I could have !”

‘Every man and woman has four wives or husbands. What do these wives signify?’

THE FOURTH WIFE
The 4th ‘wife’ is our body. We love our body day and night. In the morning, we wash our face, put on clothing and shoes. We give food to our body. We take care of our body like the fourth wife in this story. But unfortunately, at the end of our life, the body, the first ‘wife’ cannot follow us to the next world. As it is stated in a commentary, ‘When the last breath leaves our body, the healthy color of the face is transformed, and we lose the appearance of radiant life. Our loved ones may gather around and lament, but to no avail. When such an event occurs, the body is sent into an open field and cremated, leaving only the white ashes.’This is the destination of our body.

THE THiRD WiFE
Our 3rd wife ? Our possessions, status and wealth. When we die, they all go to others.

THE SECOND WiFE
The 2nd wife is our family and friends. No matter how close they had been there for us when we’re alive, the furthest they can stay by us is up to the grave.

THE FiRST WiFE
The 1st wife is in fact our soul, often neglected in our pursuit of material, wealth and sensual pleasure.

YOU ARE UNIQUE!

Think what a remarkable, unduplicatable, and miraculous thing it is to be you! Of all the people who have come and gone on the earth, since the beginning of time, not ONE of them is like YOU!

No one who has ever lived or is to come has had your combination of abilities, talents, appearance, friends, acquaintances, burdens, sorrows and opportunities.

N o one’s hair grows exactly the way yours does. No one’s finger prints are like yours. No one has the same combination of secret inside jokes and family expressions that you know.

The few people who laugh at all the same things you do, don’t sneeze the way you do. No one prays about exactly the same concerns as you do. No one is loved by the same combination of people that love you – NO ONE!

No one before, no one to come. YOU ARE ABSOLUTELY UNIQUE!

Enjoy that uniqueness. You do not have to pretend in order to seem more like someone else. You weren’t meant to be like someone else. You do not have to lie to conceal the parts of you that are not like what you see in anyone else.

You were meant to be different. Nowhere ever in all of history will the same things be going on in anyone’s mind, soul and spirit as are going on in yours right now.

If you did not exist, there would be a hole in creation, a gap in history, something missing from the plan for humankind.

Treasure your uniqueness. It is a gift given only to you. Enjoy it and share it!

No one can reach out to others in the same way that you can. No one can speak your words. No one can convey your meanings. No one can comfort with your kind of comfort. No one can bring your kind of understanding to another person.

No one can be cheerful and lighthearted and joyous in your way. No one can smile your smile. No one else can bring the whole unique impact of you to another human being.

Share your uniqueness. Let it be free to flow out among your family and friends and people you meet in the rush and clutter of living wherever you are. That gift of yourself was given you to enjoy and share. Give yourself away!

See it! Receive it! Let it tickle you! Let it inform you and nudge you and inspire you! 

YOU ARE UNIQUE!

Top 50 Quotes to remember in life

1. It is not what you do for your juniors/subordinates/children that are important. It is what you teach them to do for them selves.

2. The world suffers a lot, not because of the violence of bad people, but because of the silence of good people.

3. A successful man is he who can lay a firm foundation with the bricks that others throw at him! Learn to accept criticism proactively and with grace.

4. Your success is determined by what you are willing to sacrifice for it.

5. No one will manufacture a lock without a key. Similarly the God does not give problems without solutions. Only we should have patience and courage to find them.

6. Success is not the key to happiness. But
 happiness is the key to success.

7. Do not complain about others. Change yourself if you want peace. It is easier to protect our feet with shoes than to carpet the earth.

8. Do not only be close with someone who makes you happy. Be close with someone who can not be happy without you. It may make a lot difference to him at least.

9. Bill Gates never did LaxmiPooja but he is the richest man. Einstein never did SaraswatiPooja but he was the cleverest man. So just believe in hard work.

10. You can tell whether a man is intelligent by his answers. But you can tell a man is wise by his questions.

11. Slow down and enjoy life. It is not only the scenery you miss by going fast but you also miss the sense of where
you are going and why.

12. The only thing I like about stones that come in my way is: once I pass them, they automatically become my
milestones.

13. Luck is not in your hands. But work is in your hands. Your works can make your luck but luck can not make
your works. So always trust yourself.

14. Love is a gift. If you receive it, open and appreciate it. If not, don not worry. Someone somewhere is still
wrapping it for you.

15. Birds that live in a lake will fly away when the lake dries. But the lotus that grows in the same lake will die with
the lake. So recognize the birds in your life.

16. Coincidence decides to whom you meet in life. Your heart and your mind decide with whom you want to stay in life. But only destiny decides who gets to stay in your life.

17. Everything in life has a beautiful ending. And if it is not beautiful, then be sure, it is not the ending.

18. MORNING means one more inning given by the god to play.

19. A person who surrenders when he is wrong is honest.
A person, who surrenders when not sure, is wise.
A person, who surrenders even if he is right, is a HUSBAND! 

20. I can not say whether things will get better if we change, what I can say is that if we want to get better, we need to change.

21. Leave something for someone and never leave someone for something because in life something may leave you but someone will always live with you.

22. Too often we underestimate the power a touch, a smile, a kind word, or the smallest act of caring, all of which have the power to build a life long relationship.

23. God has deposited Love, Joys, Prosperity, Peace and Laughter plus all kind of Blessings in your account. Use without limit. The PIN code is : PRAYER!

24. Three best things:
A little seed in good soil
A few cows in good grass
A few friends in tavern

25. One meets his destiny often on the road he tried to avoid it.

26. With lies you may go ahead in the world but you can never come back.

27. The road to a friend's house is never too long.

28. When the heart is full, the eyes overflow.

29. There is none luckier than he who thinks himself so.

30. The truth may walk around naked, but the lie has to be clothed.

31. It is better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.

32. No one knows what he can do until he tries.

33. God gives every bird its food but does not always drop it into the nest.

34. Do not choose for any one what you do not choose for yourself.

35. It is better, in times of need, to have a friend than to have money.

36. As you do to others, they will do to you.

37. Little children are little joys
Bigger children are bigger sorrows

38. A good name keeps its brightness even in dark days.

39. An inch of gold will not buy an inch of time.

40. A light heart lives long.

41. Personality has the power to open the doors, but it takes character to keep them open.

42. The person who likes you more will trouble you more. But when you drop a tear, they will fight the world to stop that tear.

43. Those people whom you miss in your happiness are the ones whom you love. But those people whom you miss in your sadness are the ones who love you. Do not forget them.

44. Success is not a matter of being the best and winning the race, it is a matter of handling the worst and finishing the race. Be positive.

45. A man does not start turning old when his hair starts graying, but when his enthusiasm towards life and its joy start dropping. Just keep checking your age!!

46. A honey bee visits 2 million flowers to collect 500 mg of honey. So our workload is nothing as compared to them. Be cheerful and keep working.

47. It is not that some people have will power and some do not. It is that some people are ready to change and others are not. Believe in yourself and change for betterment.

48. Everybody says that mistake is the first step to success. But it is not true. Actually it is the correction of mistake.

49. Winners recognize their limitations but focus on their strengths.
Losers recognize their strengths but focus on their weaknesses.

50. We choose our joys and sorrows long before we experience them.